Coca-Cola financial statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coca-Cola fiscal summaries - Essay Example Coca-Cola’s biggest resources are property, plant and hardware that add up to a total assets of 9,052 million dollars dependent on the December 2014 yearly money related reports (The Coca-Cola Company, 2015). Their second biggest resource is generosity that added up to 12,100million dollars as at December 2014. Their all out resource worth is 92,023 million dollars. In view of the 2014 monetary reports, the company’s all out liabilities add up to 32,374 million dollars while their all out value adds up to 30561 million dollars (The Coca-Cola Company, 2015). Toward the year's end, the company’s’ money and its reciprocals added up to 8,958 million dollars. The company’s biggest costs were on acquisition of speculations and installments of obligations. Acquisition of ventures added up to 17800 million dollars while installment of obligations added up to 36,962 million dollars. Regardless of having numerous obligations and acquiring a ton of cash on ven tures, Coca-Cola understood a gross benefit of 28,109,000 dollars. How the budget summaries are connected The salary proclamation depicted how resources and liabilities were utilized during the year. The income proclamation clarified how the organization got money and how they spend it, and it gave a figure on the company’s money close by Model 1: The total compensation determined in the salary explanation ($7,098,000) is utilized as the primary thing in the income proclamations ($7,098,000) (NASDAQ, 2015). Model 2: The held income of the organization added up to 63,408,000 dollars.

The Benefits of Television

The Benefits of Television TV is a piece of the American culture. It benefits individuals from multiple points of view. Numerous individuals utilize the TV as a civic chairman some portion of data. TV is helpful in light of the fact that it gives news, amusement and education.News is the main advantageous part of TV. For instance, individuals today need to watch the news to monitor what's going on with the war in Iraq. Additionally, news gives data on climate, wrongdoing and numerous different news that are happening far and wide. Another model is that news gives individuals data on school closings and traffic before the individual might need to go out. These are a few reasons why news on TV are beneficial.Entertainment is the second motivation behind why TV is valuable. Amusement removes people groups minds from the awful circumstances that could be happening in consistently life. On the article Companion or adversary? The religion of tivo Cometh, Warren st John says that individuals that utilization the gadg et called tivo is a divine beings machine(1).Community Educational Television

Deferred Applicants - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Deferred Applicants - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Deferred Applicants I wrote this a short while ago as a comment to my latest post, but I thought I would also make it a new post, so here you go: I think I have responded to all your questions as of right now, but I will continue to do so as we move forward. Remember to read the FAQs, read the blog, and do not compare yourself against another applicant unless you know everything about them (and I mean everything!). In addition, please remember that if you contact our office, conduct yourself in a manner that shows why you (or your child) should be considered as a strong candidate for admission. In the past, I have handled calls from people who screamed, cursed, threatened, and lied. As you can guess, these are not the best steps to take. I am sure you will conduct yourself in the appropriate fashion if you do contact us, but I thought I would alert you to these issues. As well, review the Urban Legends/Myths web page, as I would not want you to bring up an issue that is not true only to have us tell you the real situation. Remember not to pay attention to rumors, as rumors are not reality. I have tried to give you insight into the UGA admissions process, and this is coming from 20 years of admissions and a great deal of experience in this process. Rumors are generally the product of an individual who is unhappy with a decision an lacks the correct data, but who is trying to guess about the reason for a non-admission decision. These rumors are generally the product of a lack of knowledge. Lastly, know that a deferral decision is not the final decision (unless you do not complete part II), as we still have a long way to go before all decisions are made. EA decisions look at the academic side of a student as compared to the entire EA applicant pool, while the holistic read process looks at everything about a student in comparison with the overall pool. So keep hope (even though I know that deferral is not what you desired), stay strong, and finish up the Fall term well!

How Irving Creates A Portrait Of Sneed As More And More Pig

In the memoir â€Å"Trying to save Piggy Sneed,† John Irving recounts how his grandmother’s kindness towards a retarded garbage collector, Sneed, inspired him to become a writer. One of the key aspects of the memoir is how Irving creates a portrait of Sneed as more and more pig-like. The effect of this portrait is to make readers believe, by the end of the memoir, that Sneed is a pig. Irving starts the memoir with the statement that all memoirs are partially made-up, and as such, â€Å"Trying to save Piggy Sneed,† too, has false components. He uses his imagination throughout the memoir to supplement his memory and to alter facts about Sneed, so as to create a false and cruel picture of him. My aim is to analyze how Irving uses his imagination to characterize Sneed and answer why does he, even as an adult, insist on being abusive to this innocent man? In paragraph 8, Irving emphasizes that Sneed lived with his pigs, imagining that â€Å"his pigs would crowd aroun d him for warmth.† He associates Sneed’s smell and look with his pig-like qualities. But, although Sneed smelled and looked awful, this alone is not conclusive. Sneed was poor and retarded and couldn’t talk, so the only thing he could do for a living was collect garbage and keep some pigs, work in which it is not easy to maintain hygiene. Because his barn was small, Sneed had to remain close to his pigs, which was the reason he looked and smelled awful, rather than a willingness to live like a pig, as Irving describes.

Strategies How Constructional Apparatus, And Equipment

Constructional Apparatus and Equipment: Small construction materials that link together, blocks of different sizes, logs, wooden balance beams, cardboard boxes, slides and climbing frames How these support play based learning: Children develop hand-eye co-ordination, gross and fine motor skills, spatial awareness, and mathematical concept of shape, space and measure Creative Resources and Materials: Paints, mark making materials, junk modelling material, crayons, pens, chalks, card, paper, glue, scissors, musical instruments How these support play based learning: Supports children to express feelings, use imagination, develop ideas and creativity. Promotes hand-eye co-ordination and decision making and aids colour recognition Malleable†¦show more content†¦This will motivate them and in return will build upon their confidence and self-esteem to continue to help them develop and grow. If children are not given positive encouragement and feedback they are likely to show lack of self-confidence and self-concept. It is possible that they will develop anxieties and insecurities relating to their own abilities and need constant re-assurance. This will cause lack of motivation and even attention seeking behaviour. All these factors will delay their rate of growth and development and also have a knock on effect on developing and forming strong relationships with both adults and their peers. Role Models: One of the most important aspects of teaching young children is for them to have good role models in adults. They need adults to set a good example and provide opportunities for interaction with others so that they can develop clear positive ideas about themselves and others. However, it is fundamental that before we can ask young children to empathise with others, early years practitioners need to understand children’s feelings and be able to see things from their point of view. We as practitioners play a key role in supporting, mentoring, and encouraging children to develop in positive ways. There are many

Color symbolism in the great gatsby Free Essays

string(81) " the innocence of babes surrounding them and protecting their view of the world\." Nick Caraway, the narrator, Is one of the few characters who does not exhale the major laws that the other characters do. He Is able to see what Is wrong In society, at the same time as what Is positive about people, and his viewpoints are what characterize those In the novel. Nick moves to West Egg In the summer of ’22 and begins his life as a bond man after the Great War. We will write a custom essay sample on Color symbolism in the great gatsby or any similar topic only for you Order Now It Is who he meets In that summer that the novel Is about, using rich colors to describe his surroundings and having long pollens of people. Colors within the novel help to characterize the people around Nick, describing the nature and characteristics of people by associating them with certain colors. BLUE Nick tends to have a positive opinion of Jay Gatsby, often putting him on somewhat of a pedestal in comparison to many others he met in the summer. Gatsby is a war hero that Nick knew in the war and who later is his neighbor on West Egg. Gatsby is often associated with the color blue, blue only coming up a few times when not associated with Gatsby, the only other reference to blue is of T. J. Eagleburger eyes. Blue is used to characterize people as watchers, or omnipresent people. After Wilson, a mechanic and husband, loses his wife Myrtle in a car accident, Wilson looks out the window at â€Å"the eyes of Doctor T. J. Cocklebur, which had Just emerged, pale and enormous, from the dissolving night. ‘God sees everything†(107). Wilson describes the eyes of Cocklebur as the eyes of God, seeing through the deception his wife had played on him for so long. The Cocklebur eyes are a billboard in the Valley of Ashes, they have been there for a long time and oversee everything, much like a man on a pedestal or God would be able to do. Cocklebur is viewed as God with his blue eyes seeing everything. Nick notices the eyes â€Å"brood over the solemn dumping ground†(15). People often blame events on God or claim his nonexistence because they do not erectly see an outside help when they have problems. People claim that God only sees what happens on Earth and does not actually help his creations, leaving them to fend for themselves and having them make their own decisions. No one directly helps In the situations that are within the book; no outside hand helps with the problems nor guides any character to righteousness. Cocklebur sees but does not do. He Is a God. Gatsby Is much Like Cocklebur In the fact that he watches without action. Gatsby went to war and left behind Daisy, his love, only to find her married when he got home. Gatsby then saved up and bought a home across the bay from Daisy and watched from afar, watching over her but never contacting her. Nick goes out to his lawn the in the night after having reconnected with his cousin Daisy and, Nicks old heavens†(14). He notices Gatsby on and that â€Å"he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way'(1 5). Gatsby is reaching for, what we later learn, is the light at the end of Daisy’s dock. While he wants to partake in Daisy’s life, like many believe God wishes to do in our lives, he restrains himself. He instead watches for Daisy and takes clippings about her life from the newspaper. Nick says that they are choosing their part of the local heaven, and God presides and watches from heaven. Gatsby watches and overlooks Daisy’s life like God would humanity. Gatsby is characterized as a God character because of his inaction; this puts him on a pedestal, elevating the view of him. God is not hated, he is loved, and Gatsby is well loved by Nick. Gatsby would be free from Nicks criticism due to his love for him. Gatsby has parties in his â€Å"blue gardens†(25† that chauffeurs dressed in â€Å"robin’s-egg blue†(27) invite people to. Parties are where Gatsby looks to find Daisy, hoping that she will one ay stumble into one and he will be reunited with her. Gatsby is always present at these parties but no one can ever remember seeing him or talking to him when asked. Furthering the idea of omnipresent, Gatsby has control over the chauffeurs and they follow as he says. He is watchful through them but doesn’t need to be seen. WHITE Gatsby is often associated with blue, but he is also connected to white. Many characters are seen in white at some point in the novel and it is used to describe the appearance of innocence or false purity. Daisy and Jordan are both introduced in a Larry of white: â€Å"The windows were ajar and gleaming white against the fresh grass outside that seemed to grow a little way into the house. A breeze blew through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags twisting them up toward the frosted wedding-cake of the ceiling†¦ Woo young women were buoyed up as though up upon an anchored balloon. They were both in white, and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had Just been blown in after a short flight around the house† Jordan and Daisy are given almost and ethereal appearance in the scene, like little angels or cherubs. They wear white like young innocent brides at a wedding, innocent and pure. Their appearance of innocence is dusted in white, from the curtains, to the ceiling, to the dresses on their bodies. They are almost described as birds, flying around the house in the wind and finding themselves tied to the ground again. Not only birds, but birds captured in a room or cage, making you feel sorry for them and wanting to set them free into the wind. They seem dainty and young, the innocence of babes surrounding them and protecting their view of the world. You read "Color symbolism in the great gatsby" in category "Papers" In reality though, Jordan and Daisy are both corrupt. Everyone likes to say that white in The Great Gatsby means innocence, probably because (1) that’s easy to say and (2) everyone else is saying it. Buddhist is hardly the picture of girlish innocence. At the end of the novel, she’s described as selfish, careless, and destructive. Jordan cheats on her golf matches, moving the ball closer to the hole, and Daisy has affairs and is unfaithful in mind and body. Neither is as innocent as they would like you to believe. Their innocence is false and used to protect the image of femininity the characterized Jordan, and especially Daisy. Gatsby is also described in white, showing his desire to be liked and seem innocent and pure. Gatsby is gone from Daisy for 5 long years, in which she had related to Daisy, there became opportunity for Gatsby to reconnect with his old love. Nick invites both Gatsby and Daisy over for tea one afternoon and Gatsby wears â€Å"a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and a gold-colored tie†(55). Gatsby has not seen Daisy in over 5 years and wants to make a good impression on her, to make her see him as good and honest, better than the man she was currently married to. He may have known her when they were young but the time had past and he wanted to remind her of the times before all that had happened and when they were innocent and ere, before they were tainted by the lives they currently lead. He wanted to remind Daisy of the time they spent together in Louisville in her â€Å"white roadster†(49). Gatsby uses white to seem innocent in the moment and to show his pure intentions towards Daisy. While the use of white by characters in their dressing might be unintentional, they subconsciously want to send a message to another party within the novel. There is an underlying nervousness with Gatsby involving his meeting of new people or the reconnection of him and Daisy. The focus on color and the appearance of purity indicates the desire to have a specific image about them. Nick also dresses up in white flannels to make a good first impression. Upon being invited to on of Gatsby great, grand, glorious parties Nick â€Å"dress[sees] up in white flannels† and crosses the short distance between his house and Gatsby (27). Nick had never met Gatsby before and even told Jordan at dinner, the same one where he reconnected with Daisy and Tom, that he had never met his neighbor but knew that he was Gatsby. Nick is nervous, to the point of becoming drunk one of two times in his life, and wants to make sure that Gatsby likes him. Nick searches out his host, trying to be a good guest and thank him for the invitation, further indication that Nick wants to be seen in a favorable light. Nick is searching out, not only Gatsby, but Gatsby approval of who he is. He is like a small school boy trying to please the teacher by bringing them a glistening apple on the first day of school. Nick is brining himself, dressed up in his nice, white duds, to please the metaphorical teacher of Gatsby. While Nick seems least corrupt and has the fewest flaws of all of the characters within the novel, he wants the others to know Just how good of a character he has. While Nick is not flawed like the others within the novel, he is still human, and there is a falsity of the persona he puts on to show people. Nick does not want to be seen as the rest of the crowd. He does not share their flaws but he is not above them all. The distinction of the way he acts is accentuated by the color white, furthering his appearance of innocence in the events of the summer. GOLD White is pure like the shell and outside of an egg. The problem is that the white part never indicates if the inside will be rotten or not. While â€Å"white is unblemished morality’ and false purity, gold is corruption, greed, and money (Huber 2011). Nick and the others in the novel live on either East or West Egg. The eggs are similar in shape but different in personality and culture. On the outside though, everyone on either egg tries to hide who they are and their corruption with their white clothing, homes, and decorations. Many of the characters have corruption associated with them, even if the measure of how bad it is differs. Gatsby and his golden feasts with â€Å"pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold†, show his money and corruption (26). While Gatsby is characterized with beautiful language and pleasant interaction with and that is where his money came from. All of his purchases were paid for with money gained through illegal means. While the nature of Gatsby and his intentions are pure, like his white flannel suit, his money is not. Gatsby also wears a â€Å"gold tie† upon meeting Daisy again at the tea that Nick planned(55). Gatsby wants to prove that he is good by wearing his white flannel suit but he unconsciously also announces his wealth to Daisy. Daisy has always been attracted to wealth and opulence, and Gatsby achieved his status in an effort to win Daisy over again with the money she always desired him to have. The gold tie represents Gatsby money, but not only that. It is also the corruption required to gain the money so quickly and continuously throughout the years. His corruption goes beyond Just the fact that he gained money through ways that were immoral and against the law. He also pursued a married woman, having an affair with her. Gatsby, had he been able to let go of the past, would have been able to accept that Daisy was married and that he could no longer pursue her or have her in any way, even physically. Before they commit any sins of adultery, Nick and Daisy go to Gatsby house after tea. In Gatsby garden there is the â€Å"pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate†(60). No regrettable actions have occurred yet but the sentiments that will soon occur are alluded to by the flowers color-scent and its presence in Gatsby yard. Gatsby will eventually send his servants away to protect his secret affair with Daisy, but the affair never is open to the public like that of Myrtle and Tom’s. Gatsby and Daisy have to â€Å"kiss at the gate† before they rush home. The scent of the flowers and its association of gold coincide with the nature of the relationship that Daisy and Gatsby carry out. An affair is never indicating positively of ones character. Gatsby and Daisy both have flaws that lead hem to the affair. Daisy did not marry out of love, but out of greed and desire to be wealthy. It is that same sort of desire that led her back to Gatsby. While she was now a married woman, she continued to fulfill her fantasy and pursue the love she had with Gatsby. Gatsby is corrupt because he knowingly took a married woman, pursued her, and then proceeded to have an intimate relationship with her. He did it because he thought it would benefit both him and Daisy later, that they would be happy. Gatsby corruption is a unique kind, not directly for his own benefit but for someone he thinks will benefit his life in the end. Gatsby has Daisy and Nick has Jordan. From the beginning of when they met, Daisy desired to match Nick and Jordan up together â€Å"Ill sort of- oh- fling you together†(13). Nick never stated that he wanted Jordan, one of Daisy’s flaws is assuming she knows what others want, and they usually will consent because she has a way about her that is hard to ignore, but they never usually tell her that they want it in the first place. Nick never stated that he desired Jordan; he was interested and confused by her aloof nature but never stated a desire for her. Nick is an upstanding individual with no real flaws of nature or morality. Jordan, despite Nick’s initial knowledge, is actually a liar and corrupt in her own nature. At one of Gatsby parties earlier in the summer, Nick found Jordan and went around with her â€Å"slender golden arm resting in† his (28). Jordan plays golf, a rich mans sport, and was accused of cheating by moving her ball closer to the hole than it actually fell. Jordan denied the accusations, claiming that she played a fair game and was not a liar. Later the retracted their statements, presumably under the influence of a large stack of bills pushed their way. Jordan buys her innocence with money and corrupt action to cover ere other corrupt actions. While the white of an egg seems pure and delicious, the rotten inside will eventually be seen. Jordan can cover herself with white dresses in a white ceiling room with white curtains around, but she cannot alter her true and corrupt nature. GREEN A major idea of the novel is corruption of society, additionally the American dream is expressed as a want from all of the characters. They all want to live they perfect life, have families, and to be able to have no worries of money. The desire and hope is seen through the emotions and sentiment connected to the color green. Daisy has green light at the end of her dock and Gatsby reached for it â€Å"trembling†(1 5). Daisy is Gatsby everything, his dream, his hope, his future. Gatsby went off to war believing that he would come home to find Daisy waiting for him, that they would have a happy future. He had the hope to believe that he would be able to leave for war and come back to everything being as it was, as if stopped in time. Gatsby is described by Nick in the beginning of the novel â€Å"it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again†(2). Gatsby was a romantic person with the ability to wait for long periods of time purely on the hope that the future would come and be what he wished. Gatsby realizes Just what the green light means to him when he is reunited with Daisy and she is on his lap: â€Å"If it wasn’t for the mist we could see your home across the bay said Gatsby You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock. ‘ Daisy put her harm through his abruptly but he seemed absorbed in what he had Just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very hear to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one†(61-62). Gatsby had desired Daisy for so long that he had not realized that he substituted the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock for the real and actual Daisy. Gatsby had had that light as a hope and beacon for all that he did. It was a hope for the future, for the coming day, for what he would do next. The green light directed and guided him in the night and day, eloping him chose in difficult situations and lending him guidance on his life choices. Gatsby life goes downhill from the moment he reconnects with Daisy and loses hope and his sense of direction for the future. He knows he wants to be with Daisy but he has already done everything he had planned for the past 5 years. He is at a loss and doesn’t know what to do next. He loses hope and starts destroying the life he built. He fires servants, stops the parties, and loses the spark that made him so likable in the beginning of the novel. It [green] represented the hope of a better life ND the birth of the American Dream because in this new found land you could have anything you wanted if you worked hard enough†¦ Green also represents corruption and the failing or death of the American Dream† (â€Å"Color Symbolism in the Great Gatsby’). The green light is not the only green associated with Gatsby, of t he few instances the color is mentioned, Gatsby or something Gatsby owns is usually hope and loss of hope he has when he is younger, Just before becoming Jay Gatsby. When Dan Cody meets him, â€Å"It was James Gate who had been loafing along the beach in a torn green Jersey’ (98). Gatsby came from a penniless family and did not have very much to have hope in, given his circumstances. He was without means to make anything of himself and there was not much hope in the lower income classes of the time for gaining anything higher than their current position. The â€Å"torn green Jersey’ represents the hopelessness of Gatsby prior to his meeting of Dan Cody. Once he had met him, Gatsby had a goal, he Joined the army, met Daisy, and became very wealthy. After he had met Cody he no longer wore the green Jersey, he had other, nicer clothes and he no longer felt the hopelessness associated with the lower income groups of society. His transition away from this hopelessness shows character growth and gives background to Gatsby story. CONCLUSION The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, highlights characteristics in characters using the colors blue, yellow, white and green. Blue is the omnipresence of both Gatsby and T. J. Cocklebur, the characters that keep vigil over the long island sound and the people in it. They are those who represent God’s presences and judgment of the actions of those throughout the novel. Yellow is corruption and money. Gatsby wears gold and has golden items, thing he bought with dirty money room a false business. Cordon’s golden arm helps her cheat in golf, and Daisy is obsessed with Gatsby money and has no negative thoughts of the affair she carries on with Gatsby. White is the false innocence of the characters and the protecting of femininity for Jordan and Daisy. They are characterized with white but are not as pure as they seem and the association is always in accordance with their femininity: their dresses or physical appearance. Green is the ever present hope and desire for Daisy and the past she and Gatsby shared. How to cite Color symbolism in the great gatsby, Papers

Tourism Policy and Planning In Luxembourg

Introduction The existence of a strong economy in any nation is associated with the policy environment that the administration has put in place. Tourism policy determines the performance of this industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tourism Policy and Planning In Luxembourg specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hall (2008) states that the study of policy within a specific area of economy enables researchers and planners to understand the policy decisions and their impacts, provide possible solutions, and help readers to understand the interests and values that were incorporated in the policy formulation. The study of tourism policy is an impotent field because it allows researchers to understand the determinants of performance in tourism in a given area and the factors that influence this performance. The tourism industry is under tight government control in most nations. Thus, the study of tourism policy is a si mple means of studying the administrative structures in a given nation. The development of a working policy can be done at the national, local, and provincial levels. According to Kerr (2003), these three levels should all be involved for an effective policy. An example of a nation with a tourism policy in place is Luxembourg. This report takes a brief look at the country and tourism and planning policies that exist in this nation. The report also provides a critique of tourism and planning policies in Luxembourg. Luxembourg Luxembourg is a small nation in Europe that has a significant diversity in culture. It has undergone a series of changes in the past few decades. The country is landlocked, with its location being in the midst of three countries, namely Belgium, France, and Germany. Therefore, Luxembourg does not have access to the sea. Hence, it has no beaches or coastal hotels for tourists. However, this does not mean that the nation does not have its fair share of local and i nternational tourism. With a population of just over 500,000 people, the country is one of the least populated in Europe (Blanke Chiesa 2013).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Luxembourg has had the highest demographic growth within the EU during the last decade, thus indicating its wealth within the region (Blanke Chiesa 2013). Luxembourg is approximately half the size of Dubai, with a population a number of times smaller. The country covers 2600 square kilometres in surface area. In 2011, Luxembourg had a Gross Domestic Product of $59.6 billion with a GDP per capita of $80,558.8 for the same year (Blanke Chiesa 2013). The real GDP growth for 2011 was 1.6%. This figure has continued to improve over the last two years (Blanke Chiesa 2013). The percentage of the population over 5 years in 2012 was 14.1%, with the unemployment rate for the same year being 6.1 % (Tourists in Figures 2013). Tourism is a major economic pillar in Luxembourg. It contributed 8.3% of the GDP in 2009 (Tourists in Figures 2013). The nation has diverse tourist attractions, with its people being hospitable and kind. The main attractions in the country include the coast, the Historic cities, Flemish countryside, and the Walloon region (Tourists in Figures 2013). The main towns of Luxembourg are Luxembourg and Esch-sur-Alzette, with the official national language being Luxembourgish. Other languages such as French and German are also used for administrative functions. The country enjoys a pleasant climate, with the weather being favourable between May and October. The population is mainly rural, with 81,800 of the inhabitants living in towns while the rest live in rural areas (Tourists in Figures 2013). There is a significantly large foreign population in the country. This observation can be attributed to the growth in tourism and international trade. According to Blanke and Ch iesa (2013), 38.6% of the population in the country is foreigners who are mainly employed in the manufacturing and tourism industries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tourism Policy and Planning In Luxembourg specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 2012, the tourism industry contributed 2% to the national GDP, which translated to $ 1.186 billion (Blanke Chiesa 2013). The industry also created significant employment opportunities to the locals and international workers. 2.6% of the population is employed in the industry, with the actual number being 6,100 jobs (Blanke Chiesa 2013). There are thousands of international arrivals every year in the country, with growth increasingly being experienced in this area. In 2011, for example, the international arrivals were 542,600 with this population generating a total of $ 4.8 billion over the same period (Blanke Chiesa 2013). Although this figure represented a growth in the international tourism receipts, the number of international tourists visiting Luxembourg was significantly small in relation to previous years. Policy and Planning A tourism policy is necessary to ensure that the benefits associated with tourism are enjoyed while making the maximum use of the available natural resources. Luxembourg is one nation with an existing tourism policy. It has ensured that this policy is followed within the tourism activities. The country mainly attracts international tourists from the neighbouring countries, especially those from Europe (Kavoura 2007). The policy on the international tourists has ensured that the main visitors are those from the neighbouring countries. Approximately half of the tourists are from the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany (Greenwood, Williams Shaw 1990). The other half of tourists are from other parts of Europe such as the UK and France, with few of these visitors coming from the US (Greenwood, Williams Shaw 1990). The coun try has also embarked on the marketing of its tourist attractions over the internet. An official website is currently operational (Human 1994). The country also has a tourism board that runs advertising and marketing campaigns that are mainly focused on the natural and historic attractions in the country.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, the country receives over 900,000 visitors from different parts of the world, with a bulk of them gathering the information they need from the official website. Luxembourg has an existing tourism plan that states the objectives of the tourism industry, defines special areas where special tourism activities are to take place, and imposes regulations of these (Greenwood, Williams Shaw 1990). The average number of nights that the tourists to Luxembourg spend is 2.5 nights. The government has been on a campaign to increase that period that the guests spend in the hotels. Another strategy that the minister in charge of the tourism sector has established is the creation of a tourism marketing committee that allows the various members to market the industry to different parts of the world. The government also organises cultural events and other activities in the embassies and high commissions across Europe, with this strategy being a move to attract the Europeans (World Econo mic Forum, 2013). Luxembourg prides itself as being the centre of the European Union. It advertises itself as the origin of the group of nations that constitute the EU. The country has a policy that favours business tourism. The frequent campaigns to boost tourism have also taken this route. Therefore, the tourism industry has been greatly influenced by the financial sector, with the ministers of finance and tourism in the country having similar calls on tourists to engage in financial tourism (Zahra Ryan 2005). Efforts of marketing and advertising for the development of business tourism have had significant success. According to Blanke and Chiesa (2013), business tourism accounts for 44% of overnight stays. The minister of commerce and the economy has put in place several projects and incentives to develop business in Luxembourg. Some other projects of this kind have also been proposed for future development. The country has also developed other policies that are related to the to urism sector. One such policy is the development of special rules and regulations for the tourism stakeholders. The hotel and catering industry is the most affected, with rules governing these areas of the economy. Hotel owners are allowed to carry out their activities in a facilitating environment, and this includes the exemption of tax for some of hotels and careering businesses that promote tourism. Luxembourg has a minister in charge of the tourism industry, but the minister is also in charge of other industries such as agriculture, rural development, and training (Hannam 2002). The existence of the ministry allows the formulation of policies that are specially tailored for the country. Luxembourg has a well-developed transport system, with the main modes of transport being through road and rail networks. Local roads serve the areas that are deemed tourist attraction sites under the control of the national government (Greenwood, Williams Shaw 1990). The development in infrastru cture is dependent on the size of contribution to the national economy and the GDP in general. Since tourism only contributes only a significant part of the GDP, there are few infrastructure developments to the tourist attraction sites. However, these developments are accessible through many routes. The country has also developed an environmental policy to protect its environment from degradation. This plan is considered a way of ensuring that there are many natural sites on the rural areas. Despite the measures to conserve the environment, increased tourism has contributed to environmental degradation The rules in Luxembourg prohibit tourist activities that may violate human rights. Examples of these include sex tourism and human trafficking that have been reported in other areas of Europe and other tourism centres around the world. Tourists are allowed to enjoy the natural environment and historical sites as long as they act within the rules and regulations of the country. The pre servation of the cultural sites is also a policy of the Luxembourg authorities. The regulations make it illegal to hunt the animals in the natural habitats or carry out trade in illegal animal products (Blanke Chiesa 2013). These regulations allow a room for the protection of the endangered species and the protection of the cultural sites. Critique The policies and planning methods used in Luxembourg are appropriate and effective. However, several areas are deficient and can lead to the negative performance of the sector. Therefore, the following section provides a critique of the tourism policies and planning in Luxembourg that is provided above. One of the policies that may have a negative effect on the tourism industry in the country is the high reliance on the European market and tourists from the neighbouring countries. In the wake of the global financial crisis, the European market was mostly affected (Blanke Chiesa 2013). There was poor performance that was reported in the tourism sectors of almost all the European Union countries, with a drop in the international travel. The result of this drop in the European market meant that Luxembourg experienced a drop in the number of international tourists from Europe and its neighbours (Blanke Chiesa 2013). With the significant contribution that is made to the national economy by the tourism industry, a drop in the tourism sector meant a drop in the overall economic performance for this nation. There are different parts of the world such as the Middle East and Asia from which the planners and policymakers can attract tourists. The economy, especially the tourism sector, would have been more resilient to the global economic crisis if there had been significant effort to include the other markets, which are outside the European Union. Some of these markets such as China are reported to have experienced weaker effects of the global crisis. As a result, their international tourists may have complemented those fr om the EU (Zahra Ryan 2005). The other weakness with the nation’s tourism planning and policy is the planning that is accorded to the infrastructure part of the industry (Zahra Ryan 2005). Any economy that hopes to increase its gains from the tourism sector needs to ensure that the infrastructure in place is sufficient to cover the areas where tourism is crucial (Zahra Ryan 2005). Therefore, Luxembourg may engage in the building of infrastructure projects, especially roads, to serve the tourist destinations. The building of more infrastructure projects will also be important in intensifying mobility in the local setup. This strategy will be a positive influence to local tourism. Several areas are attractive to the local and international tourists. However, they are inaccessible due to poor infrastructure. The government needs to improve the roads serving the tourist attraction areas. The average night spent at the hotels and catering areas in the country is 2.5 nights as s tated above (Blanke Chiesa 2013). This means that the tourists visiting the country are mainly drawn to the country during weekends, with only the weekends being the days where the visitors spend the night at the tourist areas. The country needs to develop an alternative marketing strategy to ensure that it is also marketed as a business centre and that tourists can conduct their businesses while still in the country. The result of such a move will be an improvement in the number of nights spent in the country for the international tourists (Zagris Emery 1988). The county can also market itself as an economic hub and/or the main link for all other states in the EU because of the different areas and landmark buildings that symbolise the European unity (Zahra Ryan 2005). Luxembourg faces a challenge with the developments that are expected in the tourism sector such as the increased pollution that is occasioned by the amplified number of visitors and the numb of planes and vehicles bringing these tourists to the country. The pollution forms, which will be evident, include air pollution, water pollution, and sound pollution (Zahra Ryan 2005). The presence of these forms of pollution will diminish the image of the country as a largely natural area. The result is a decrease in the tourism earnings. The relatively small area that the nation occupies is easy to pollute. Therefore, there will be consequences of the same such as loss of the market and decreased tourism returns (Human 1994). Luxembourg has a minister who is in charge of tourism, agriculture, and housing among other things. Since tourism is an important contributor to the national GDP, the management may constitute qualified personnel working in a fully-fledged ministry (Human 1994). On the other hand, Luxembourg does not have an independent tourism ministry. Hence, there is difficulty in coordination. To ensure that the tourism sector performs, the government should split up the ministry and award to urism a full ministry. This arrangement will be important in simplifying the national planning and policies on tourism. Despite the few mentioned weaknesses, the tourism policies and planning methods are very effective. They can improve the economy. Conclusion The development of appropriate policies in any industry is important as it guarantees a framework by which all things are performed. The tourism industry has been recognised in the report as an important part of any country. The report also establishes that Luxembourg has a working national tourism policy, with few weaknesses whose improvements have been proposed. The paper proposes that the country can engage in the development of many infrastructure projects. It can embark on marketing to other areas apart from Europe while establishing a tourism ministry that is independent of other ministries. References Blanke, J Chiesa, T 2013, The travel Tourism Competitive Report 2013; country/Economy Profiles, http://www3.weforum.or g/docs/WEF_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf. Greenwood, J, Williams, A Shaw, G 1990, ‘Policy implementation and tourism in the UK. Implications from recent tourism research in Cornwall’, Tourism Management, vol. 11 no. 1, pp. 53-62. Hall, C 2008, Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships, Pearson Education, Harlow. Hannam, K 2002. ‘Tourism and development: globalisation and power’, Progress in Development Studies, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 227-234. Human, B 1994, ‘Visitor management in the public planning policy context: A case study of Cambridge’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 2 no. 4, pp. 221-230. Kavoura, A 2007, ‘Advertising of National Identity and Tourism Bureaucracy’, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 10 no. 5, pp. 397 – 414. Kerr, W 2003, Tourism Public Policy, and the strategic Management of Failure, Pergamon, New York, NY. Tourists in Figures 2013, The Luxembourg market in Flanders, Kenisbeheer, Routl ege, London. Zagris, B Emery 1988, ‘Tourism: the orphan of Caribbean programmes, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 26 no. 3, pp. 24-28. Zahra, A Ryan, C 2005, ‘National Tourism Organisations — Politics, Functions and Form: A New Zealand Case Study’, Anatolia, vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 5-26. This report on Tourism Policy and Planning In Luxembourg was written and submitted by user Jaxen Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Advantages of Breast-feeding for Baby and Mother essays

Advantages of Breast-feeding for Baby and Mother essays For the past centuries, breast-feeding has been the customary means of feeding a baby around the world. In the event a woman was unable or unwilling to breast-feed their child, another woman, known as a wet nurse, would do it for her. At the start of the twentieth century, western civilization became dependant on ways to make cows milk readily available as a substitute for mothers milk by such procedures as, dependable refrigeration, pasteurization, and sterilization. Over the course of the next half-century, formula feeding became the customary means of feeding a baby in the United States (Papalia, Olds, Breast milk is clearly the best intake for infants. Infants are able to digest breast milk better than formula. Mothers milk is a complete source of nutrients for infants for at least the first six months (Papalia, Olds, s (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics to conduct the National Immunization Survey (NIS). This survey was initially designed to find the current, national, state, and selected urban areas estimation of vaccination treatments. Starting in January of 2003, the NIS began asking breast-feeding questions to all respondents along with the immunization survey. The National Immunization Survey uses random-digit dialing to survey households with children of an eligible age. The survey is able to offer overall population estimations for the start, length, and individuality of breast-feeding practices. Fourteen states in the United States have achieved the national Healthy People 2010 objective of 75% of mothers initiating breast-feeding; whereas only 6 and 8 states h ave achieved the objective of having 50% of mothers breast-feeding their children at 6 months of age and 25% of mothers breast-feeding their children at 12 months of age, respectively (http...

All Hail the Divine Ruler, Queen of Kish

All Hail the Divine Ruler, Queen of Kish Want to know which monarch of ancient Sumer reigned supreme at any given time? You’d have to check out the aptly named Sumerian King List. But the Sumerians had a super-special idea of â€Å"kingship†: it was a force that liked to travel. For generations at a time, nam-lugal, or â€Å"kingship,† was bestowed upon a particular city, represented by a monarch who ruled for a long time. Only one city was believed to hold true kingship at any given time. After a few hundred years, kingship went from one city to another, which then held the honor of nam-lugal for a few generations. Apparently, the gods, who bestowed rulership as a privilege, not a right, upon humans, got fed up of one place after a period of time, so they regifted it elsewhere. In reality, the list may have reflected a particular city’s rise to power or military defeat in Sumer: if City A came to prominence, then its hegemony could be justified by claiming divine right. This mythological idea wasnt realistic - many cities had individual kings reigning at the same time – but since when did myth have reflect reality? Its Ladies Night Tons of monarchs make an appearance on the Sumerian King List, but there’s only one lady named: Kubaba, or Kug-Bau.  Not to be confused with the monster Huwawa or Hubaba in the Epic of Gilgamesh, Kubaba was a woman alone – the only queen regnant who’s recorded as bearing divine rulership. The Sumerian King List records that the city of Kish held nam-lugal multiple times. In fact, it was the first city to hold kingship after a great mythical flood – sound familiar? After sovereignty bounced around to a lot of different places, it landed in Kish a few more times – although that’s since been cast in doubt. On one of those occasions, a woman named Kug-Bau ruled the city. Drink Up!   Kubaba is first identified in the King List as the â€Å"the woman tavern-keeper.† How could she have gone from owning a bar/inn to ruling a city? We can’t be sure, but female tavern-keepers actually held important positions in Sumerian mythology and daily life. Perhaps that’s because of the mega-importance of beer in Sumerian culture. While some scholars theorized that taverns equaled brothels in Sumer, apparently â€Å"tavern keeping was a common and respectable female occupation until later periods in Mesopotamia,† according to Julia Assante. Regardless of what kind of show they were running, women often ran taverns, holding perhaps one of the only independent female positions of power in ancient Sumer. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, an important character is Siduri the tavern-keeper, who runs an inn in the Underworld. She must be an immortal of some sort to live where she does, and gives Gilgamesh sage advice like â€Å"Who of the mortal can live forever? The life of man is short†¦.let there be pleasure and dancing.† So, in what was probably a very important epic even in antiquity, a female tavern-keeper was seen as a guide  along perilous paths  and a figure worthy of veneration. Real-life politics may or may not have allowed a tavern-keeper co to rule over her city. But what was the purpose in identifying her profession? By associating her with the mythical Siduri and a prominent feminine profession – whether she ran a brothel or not - the recorder of the King List literally immortalized Kubaba and made her the one of world’s most independent women before Beyoncà ©. According to Carol R. Fontaine in her essay â€Å"Visual Metaphors and Proverbs 15:15-20,† there was a sacredness attached to female tavern-keepers. She wrote that, â€Å"given the association of Inanna-Ishtar with the tavern and the sweet (sexual?) wine to be drunk there, as well as female ownership of taverns and involvement with the process of brewery, we should not assume Ku-Baba to be some sort of prostitute but a successful business woman with divine associations herself.† So what else did Kubaba do? The King List says she â€Å"made firm the foundations of Kish,† indicating she fortified it against invaders. Lots of monarchs did this; Gilgamesh even built a lot of walls to protect his city of Uruk . So it sounds like Kubaba carried on a grand royal tradition of building up her city. According to the King List, Kubaba ruled for one hundred years. That’s obviously exaggerated, but a lot of other monarchs on the list have similarly long reigns. But it didn’t last forever. Eventually, â€Å"Kish was defeated† – or destroyed, depending on the version you’re reading – and the gods decided to remove kingship from this city. It went to the city of Akshak instead. A Womans Work Never Ends But Kubaba’s legacy didn’t end there. It seems that later generations weren’t crazy about women occupying traditional men’s roles. A later omen reading indicated that, if an individual is born intersex, it’s the â€Å"omen of Ku-Bau who ruled the land; the land of the king will become waste.†Ã‚  By taking on the duties of a man – a king – Kubaba was seen to have crossed a boundary and transcended gender divisions in an improper fashion. Combining male and female genitalia in an individual would echo her reign as lugal, or king, which the ancients saw as violating the natural order of things. The omen texts indicate that both an individual with the sexual organs of two genders and a queen regnant were seen as unnatural. â€Å"These were linked in the elite mind as a challenge and threat to the political hegemony of the king,† said Fontaine. Similarly, in another omen reading, if a patient’s lung didn’t look so good, it was the sign of Kubaba, â€Å"who seized the kingship.†Ã‚  So, basically, Kubaba’s legacy served as a means of identifying bad stuff that went against the way things should be. Its also worth noting that Kubaba is portrayed as an improper usurper here. Kubaba’s legacy might not have been limited to her reputation. In fact, she mightve founded a real dynasty! After her reign, kingship transferred to Akshak; a few generations later, a king named Puzur-Nirah ruled there. Apparently, Kubaba was still alive at this time, according to the Weidner Chronicle, and Kubaba, a.k.a. â€Å"the alewife,† fed some local fishermen who lived near her house. Because she was so nice, the god Marduk liked her and gave â€Å"royal dominion of all lands entirely over to Ku-Baba.† On the King List, royal power is said to have gone back to Kish after Akshak†¦and guess who ruled? â€Å"Puzur-Suen, the son of Kug-Bau, became king; he ruled for 25 years.† So it looks like the story about Marduk giving kingship back to Kubaba’s family demonstrates her real-life family taking power eventually. Puzur-Suen’s son, Ur-Zubaba, ruled after him. According to the list, â€Å"131 are the years of the dynasty of Kug-Bau,† but that doesn’t add up when you tally the years of each reign. Oh, well! Eventually, the name â€Å"Kubaba† became best-known as that of a Neo-Hittite goddess, hailing from the city of Carchemish. This Kubaba probably didn’t have any relation to our Kug-Bau from Sumer, but an incarnation of the deity so prominent in Asia Minor might’ve become the goddess the Romans knew as  Cybele (nà ©e Cybebe). If so, then the name Kubaba had come a long way from Kish!

Political ideologies a comparative approach Research Paper

Political ideologies a comparative approach - Research Paper Example Anti-rationalismIn should be realized that fascism was borne mostly after the Second World War. Given this situation, fascism was necessitated by the upheavals and thus became anti-rationality. This is corroborated by what Friedrich Nietzsche said that human being is motivated by nothing other than the ‘will power’ and not the rationality of the mind. Fascism then seemed to have consumed this as their driving force and a core belief. In another instance, the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini also coined a slogan from the same belief and believed in ‘Actions not talk’ and that the state of inactivity is analogous to death. Mussolini devalued the intellectual life and described it as cold, lifeless, and dry. This connotation shows how fascism was against rational and objective minds. StruggleThe other core principle of fascism was the struggle, those who subscribed to the fascism believed in the role of struggle to achieve the desires and liberation. Given the context in which the movement was borne (after the Second World War), it is understandable that the movement was hatched in the aftermath of a struggle and had to follow suit. Leadership and ElitismFascism appreciated the endowment of different people with different abilities and believed in the role of elitism as the ruling class even if they are the minority. Fascism contradicts the conventional political thoughts and radically believes in the rejection of the principle of equality. In Fascism, there was the belief of three castes of leadership in the society.... Given the context in which the movement was borne (after the Second World War), it is understandable that the movement was hatched in the aftermath of a struggle and had to follow suit. Leadership and Elitism Fascism appreciated the endowment of different people with different abilities and believed in the role of elitism as the ruling class even if they are the minority. Fascism contradicts the conventional political thoughts and radically believes in the rejection of the principal of equality. In Fascism, there was the belief of three castes of leadership in the society; the one who possess the unrivalled authority was regarded as the first layer and the warrior forming the second class and finally the masses that majorly comprised of those described as the inert, weak, and ignorant with a characteristic unquestionable obedience (Rejai, 1995). Socialism Even though fascism and socialism had different ideological difference and became rivalries, fascism had unexplained affinity for socialism. Both Mussolini and Hitler showed great involvement in the socialist ideology and this can be manifested by their role in socialism. Hitler developed the philosophy of socialism and Mussolini at some point became the editor of the Avanti newspaper that was owned by the socialists. Fascism also believed in ultranationalism as their core principle. These core principles define the beliefs of the fascism that reigned in most of the countries soon after the Second World War (Rejai, 1995). Core Beliefs of Feminism Feminism has been defined as the collection of the likeminded ideological and movement that are aimed at giving women equal right in the social, political, and economic issues

Make up an FORMAL Cover Letter based on the Resume and the Job Essay

Make up an FORMAL Cover Letter based on the Resume and the Job Announcement - Essay Example My work experience has helped me develop skills that will be useful for this role. Over the previous two semesters, I worked as a lab assistant at the Immunology and Virology department at UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Here I was able to place orders for specimen and then prepare them for testing. I also took phone calls regarding lab results or just answering lab-related questions in general. In addition to my work experience, I have honed my leadership skills as a youth organizer at the Chinese Progressive Association. During my time there, I prompted community youth members to investigate toxic contamination causes in San Francisco and then developed their communication skills for the purpose of presenting their findings at the San Francisco Board of Supervisor’s meeting. My knowledge of Cantonese and Mandarin would be a valuable addition to your company. With many Chinese people immigrating to the United States, there will be a growing need to cater for the Chinese drug and medicine market. My knowledge of these two languages will, in my opinion, make me an excellent candidate for this position. It would be an honor to work for your company. I am available for an interview at a time of your choosing. My contact information is listed below if you need to reach me to discuss this position further. Thank you for your time and

Discovery and Development of Antibiotics

Discovery and Development of Antibiotics Introduction An antibiotic is a single or a group of substances normally got from micro-organisms that hinder the development of a certain different micro-organisms or even destroy them. They are obtained from extraordinary microorganisms or other living frameworks, and are delivered on a modern scale utilizing a maturation process. In spite of the fact that the standards of antibiotic activity were not found until the twentieth century, the first known utilization of anti-toxins were from the Chinese more than 2,500 years back. Today, more than 10,000 anti-microbial substances have been accounted for. Right now, antibiotics are a billion dollar industry that keeps on growing every year. The variety of antibiotics presently available can be grouped by different methods like the chemical structure they are made of, the micro-organisms from which they are obtained, or the action they perform (Tatsuta, 2013). They can also be designated by their range of action, e.g., Tetracycline, cephalosporin, po lymixin etc (Tetracycline, 1989). http://www.explorecuriocity.org/portals/2/Symposia/Antibiotics/_2993.jpg http://cdni.wired.co.uk/19201280/a_c/antibiotics.jpg https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2004/03/infection-protection/_jcr_content/articletext/imageplus/image.img.jpg/1321308084306.jpg The discovery In spite of the fact that for a considerable length of time preparations got from living organisms were put to wounds to demolish contamination, the way that a microorganism is equipped for devastating one of other animal types was not proved until the last of the 19th century. At the point when Pasteur noticed the opposing impact of other microbes on the Bacillus anthrax, he highlighted that this activity may be put to remedial utilization (Louis Pasteur, 1923). Then the German physicist Paul Ehrlich built up the thought of selective toxicity which states that certain chemicals that would be lethal to a few living beings, e.g., Irresistible microscopic organisms, would be innocuous to different life forms, e.g., People. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scholar, watched that Penicillium notatum, a typical mold, had decimated staphylococcus microbes in culture medium (New Culture Medium for Penicillium notatum, 1947). In 1939 the American microbiologist Renà © Dubos exhibited that a dirt bacterium was fit for decaying the starch like case of the pneumococcal bacterium, without which the pneumococcus is innocuous and does not bring about pneumonia (Finland, 1978). http://www.fleming.estranky.cz/img/picture/3/alexander-fleming-quotes-2.jpg http://randomfactsblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/20-Louis-Pasteur.jpg https://edc2.healthtap.com/ht-staging/user_answer/avatars/1560705/large/open-uri20131228-9945-h4ifng.jpeg?1388269653 Development of antibiotics Antibiotics are made in the industry by a procedure of aging, where the source microorganism is developed in substantial holders (100,000 – 150,000 liters or additionally) containing a fluid development medium (4529545 Isolation of chemically unstable antibiotics from fermentation solutions, 1985). The concentration of oxygen, degree of temperature, pH of the medium, and supplement levels must be idealistic and are nearly observed and balanced if important. As antibiotics are optional metabolites, the populace size must be controlled deliberately to guarantee that most extreme yield is acquired before the cells dies. When the procedure is finished, the antibiotic must be removed and decontaminated to a crystalline item. This is less complex to accomplish if the antibiotic is dissolved in natural solvent. Else, it should first be uprooted by ion exchange, adsorbed, or precipitated on a chemical. Microorganisms utilized as a part of fermentation are seldom similar to their partners in nature. This is on the grounds that species are regularly and hereditarily adjusted to yield the most quantities of antibiotics. Mutation is regularly utilized and is supported by presenting mutagens, for example, bright radiation, x-ray beams, or a certain chemicals (Freeling, 1988). Determination and further multiplication of the higher yielding strains over numerous eras can raise yields by 20-fold or more. Another system used to build yields is quality intensification, where duplicates of qualities coding for catalysts included in the anti-infection creation can be embedded once again in a cell, by means of vectors, for example, plasmids. This methodology must be nearly connected with retesting of antibiotic generation and adequacy. Notwithstanding the wide array of known anti-infective agents, less than 1% of antibiotic agents have medicinal or business esteem (Antibiotic agents, 1975). For instance, while penicillin has a high helpful profile as it doesnt by and large influence human cells, this is not the situation for some other antibiotics. Different antibiotics just need preference over those as of now being used or have no other handy applications. Helpful anti-infective agents are regularly found utilizing a screening procedure. To lead such a screen, isolates of a wide range of microorganisms is refined and after that tried for creation of diffusible items that restrain the development of test creatures. Most anti-infection agents recognized in such a screen are as of now known and must accordingly be dismissed. The rest to be tried for their specific toxicities and restorative exercises, and the best hopefuls can be analyzed and conceivably altered. http://image.slidesharecdn.com/mukherjisirppt-140514044556-phpapp01/95/metabolites-antibiotics-by-fermentation-4-638.jpg?cb=1400042849 http://media.i24news.tv/upload/cache/medium_image/upload/image/afp-ba034f876ea09e71954f1fda34f7c26ad79be9e6.jpg http://dailysciencejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bug.jpg Safety and environmental issues of the production and the product itself The large scale manufacturing of antibiotics started amidst World War II with streptomycin and penicillin. Presently, most antimicrobial agents are delivered by organized maturations in which strains of microorganisms delivering significant returns are developed under ideal conditions in supplement media in aging tanks holding a few thousand gallons. The mold is strained out of the maturation soup, and afterward the antibiotic is expelled from the stock by filtration, precipitation, and other detachment systems. At times new antimicrobials are lab blended, while numerous antibiotics are created by artificially adjusting regular substances; numerous such subordinates are more powerful than the characteristic substances against contaminating creatures or are better consumed by the body, e.g., Some semi synthetic penicillin is viable against microorganisms impervious to the guardian substance. Potential problems with antibiotics Antibiotics are either infused, given orally, or put into the skin as an applicant. A number of them, while strong against infective specialists, additionally cause lethal symptoms. Some, similar to penicillin, are exceedingly allergenic and can bring about skin allergies, shock, and different indications of sensitivity to allergens (Against Antibiotic Resistance, 1999). Others, for example, the tetracycline, reason real changes in the intestinal bacterial populace and can bring about super infection by parasites and different microorganisms. Chloramphenicol, which is currently being used limitedly, produces extreme blood ailments, and utilization of streptomycin can bring about ear and kidney disease (Mortality from Chloramphenicol, 1961). Numerous antibiotics are less successful than earlier in light of the fact that anti-toxin safe strains of microorganisms have risen. Quality control is of most extreme significance in the generation of antibiotics. Since it includes an aging procedure, steps must be taken to guarantee that truly no defilement is presented anytime amid generation. At this end, the medium and the greater part of the transforming hardware are completely steam cleaned. Amid manufacturing, the nature of every last one of antibiotics is looking out for a normalancy every now and then. Of specific significance are successive checks of the state of the antimicrobial culture during fermenting. These are done utilizing different chromatography strategies. Additionally, different physical and substance properties of the completed item are checked, for example, pH, liquefying point, and dampness content. In the United States, anti-microbial generation is very controlled by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Contingent upon the application and a kind of anti-toxin, pretty much testing must be finished. For instance, the FDA obliges that for specific anti-toxins every bunch must be checked by them for adequacy and virtue. When they have ensured the clump would it be able to be sold for general utilization. https://explorable.com/images/antibiotics.jpg http://a57.foxnews.com/global.fncstatic.com/static/managed/img/fn2/video/876/493/antibiotics%20in%20hand%20istock.jpg?ve=1tl=1 http://www.onlineclinic.net/images/blog/injectable-l.jpg Scope for improvement and future of antibiotics Since the advancement of a new medication is a costly affair, pharmaceutical organizations have done almost no research in the most recent decade. Notwithstanding, a disturbing improvement has prodded a restored enthusiasm for the advancement of new antibiotics. It just so happens, a portion of the ailment causing microorganisms have altered and built up resistance to a large number of the standard antibiotics (Butler, 2012). This could have grave outcomes on the worlds general wellbeing unless new antibiotics are found or enhancements are made on the ones that are accessible. This testing issue will be the center of exploration for a long time to come. Researchers are attempting to grow new methodologies to battle the developmental risk of micro-organisms that present antibiotics cant battle. A few specialists are trying new substances; for example, silver, to consolidate with antibiotics to support their killing force. Different scientists are making the utilization of hereditary sequencing of microbes to help create executioner medications at a quicker pace than therapeutic science was equipped for previously. Another system expects to render destructive microorganisms unequipped for contaminating individuals, as opposed to killing the micro-organisms through and through. One such procedure would kill infection, bringing about poisons by disturbing the microscopic organisms interior components. Conclusion Antibiotics have a limited lifetime in light of the fact that resistance is inevitable, therefore, theres dependably a need to innovate. Bacteria have methods for shielding themselves against other microorganisms, and most anti-toxins are obtained from the poisons they utilize. Distinguishing and growing new anti-microbial is a long and moderate process (NEW ANTIBIOTICS, 1976). Whether the anti-toxin will be valuable in treating individuals stays to be seen. The principle issue with recognizing new anti-microbial isnt that they dont work, yet that they cause serious symptoms or danger, drug creators say. References 4529545 Isolation of chemically unstable antibiotics from fermentation solutions. (1985). Biotechnology Advances, 3(2), 276. Against Antibiotic Resistance. (1999). Science, 283(5402), 601p-601. Antibiotic agents. (1975). Nature, 256(5516), 442-442. Butler, C. (2012). Antibiotics: Responding to a Global Challenge. Antibiotics, 1(1), 14-16. Finland, M. (1978). Pneumonia and the Pneumococcus. Chest, 73(4), 562. Freeling, M. (1988). Mutation, developmental selection, and plant evolution. Cell, 55(6), 934-935. Louis Pasteur. (1923). BMJ, 1(3236), 37-37. Mortality from Chloramphenicol. (1961). BMJ, 1(5231), 1019-1020. NEW ANTIBIOTICS. (1976). Inpharma, 22(1), 7-7. New Culture Medium for Penicillium notatum. (1947). Nature, 159(4027), 22-22. Tatsuta, K. (2013). Total synthesis of the big four antibiotics and related antibiotics. J Antibiot, 66(3), 107-129. Tetracycline. (1989). Reactions, 236(1), 8-8.

African American Reconstruction Essay

?Reconstruction in the 1800’s can have a lot of different meanings. For some the reconstruction was the rejoining of the two sides that fought in the civil war, the North and the South. For others in government it was the presidential reconstruction after the death of Lincoln. Most importantly for some reconstruction mean finally being a free man with right and who could vote and provide for his family. The African Americans were a big part of reconstruction, just being freed by the passing of the thirteenth amendment which was adopted on December 6, 1865. This new law stated â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. † Being freed was a step in the right direction for the African American, but anything not properly followed through with can end up undoing itself. Unfortunately for the African Americans in the south the progress towards freedom and citizenship and equality had hoped for took a terrible turn for the worse and most of their dreams were crushed. The north removing their army from the south to settle a dispute over who would be president undid what the 14th and 15th amendment were set to do and with no enforcement of them and the black codes life for the average African American remained one filled with difficulties and racism. In 1863 the emancipation proclamation was written to give freedom to all slaves in the rebel states, soon following that the Thirteenth amendment was passed. This Thirteenth amendment took the emancipation proclamation one step further and freed the slaves wherever they may be. Now the mass of newly freed African Americans in the South had to face the difficulties of getting a life started while being surrounded by many angry white Southerners. It granted them their freedom, but did nothing to guarantee them with voting rights, benefits, or the same opportunities as their white countrymen. Imagine you spent your whole life surrounded by people who considered you less than a person. To them you were just a mass of living space that only had the brain capacity to do simple jobs. Once you received a certain document, that says you are a full human being with all the capabilities of others, do you think those people would instantly accept this change and consider you an equal in society? When the civil war came to a close, the White Southerners moved quickly to put an end to the African American’s newfound freedom. They wanted a way to return African Americans back to what they were before the war, which were slaves. In order to do this without getting in too much trouble from the north they had to do it in a way that seemed neutral and fair to all races. Anyone with common sense however could tell that these laws were passed specifically to limit African Americans. These laws started out as what were commonly referred to as the black codes. These were a set of laws that were applied specifically to African Americans to help keep them in a form of slavery. Some of these laws were. â€Å"No person of color shall migrate into and reside in this state, unless, within twenty days after his arrival within the same, he shall enter into a bond with two freeholders as sureties†. â€Å"Servants shall not be absent from the premises without the permission of the master†. â€Å"Servants must assist their masters â€Å"in the defense of his own person, family, premises, or property†. â€Å"No person of color could become an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper unless he obtained a license from the judge of the district court – a license that could cost $100 or more. † These laws however didn’t stick around forever and then the Jim Crow Laws were put into place. The Jim Crow laws stated that it is okay for African Americans and whites to be separate as long as they were equal. Even the Supreme Court said that Jim Crow Laws were constitutional even though the stuff that the African Americans got was so much less quality. â€Å"For we colored people did not know how to be free and the white people did not know how to have a free colored person about them. † This quote was stated by the name of Houston Hartsfield Holloway following the passing of the thirteenth amendment. Most of these African Americans didn’t know how to be free and adapting to this new life was extremely difficult. These Freeman had to now face the difficult task of not only dealing with the racism of the white southerners living around then but also needed to get jobs. The freedman bureau was then created to try and help newly freed slaves get on their feet. The freedman bureau created March 3, 1865 main focus was to† provide food and medical care, to help the freedmen to resettle, to ensure justice for the freedmen, to manage abandoned or confiscated property, to regulate labor, and to establish schools. † Now that it was legal for these newly freed men to learn, establishing school in which they could learn was very important. These schools would help them learn trades and skills to help them get jobs. While the freedman’s bureau did not establish schools itself, it coordinated and helped to finance the activities of northern societies committed to black education. It is stated in the Voices of Freedom book written by Eric Foner that by the year 1969 only four years after the thirteenth amendment was passed nearly 3000 schools were established in the south. More impressive than that, these schools have more than 150000 pupils. The bureau was able to give former slaves most of the basics like food, shelter, clothing, and a way to make a living. Without being given the basics there is no way the African Americans would ever be able to take care of themselves and support their families. They needed help adapting to the new freedoms they were given, just as white men had to adapt to them being free, (although most of the time white men still treated them like dirt). The passing of the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments helped to make great strides towards equality for African Americans. This amendment was the â€Å"heart† of Congress’ reaction to Johnson’s reconstruction plan and said that all people born in the United States are citizens. This upturned the 1857 Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford. In this case it stated that persons of African descent were not citizens and therefore not entitled to constitutional rights. On top of that it also prohibited states from revoking â€Å"life, liberty or property† without due process of law. Finally it required states to guarantee equal protection under the law. All states were required to ratify it. It was of course to get some of the southern states to ratify a law like this that on top of giving freedom to African Americans would also give them civil rights. Just because the fourteenth amendment said something, which did not mean that it would be enforced. The Military and Reconstruction Act of 1867 however, was passed to make sure that it was. The funny thing about this act is, on the very last day of session for congress, and the congress that was currently fighting with the current president to the point where they tried to kick him out of office overrode his veto and had it passed. The Ten Confederate States that had refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment were divided into five military districts. Each military district was put under the direction of a military governor authorized to appoint and remove state officials. Voters were registered, and suffrage was extended to freedmen. State constitutional conventions were called, and elected delegates were charged with drafting new constitutional provisions providing for black suffrage. Finally, states were required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment before readmission. The congress didn’t stop here however; they later passed even more military reconstruction acts. â€Å"The new acts directed military commanders to register voters, call conventions, and organize elections, rather than wait for state officials to act. In the face of recalcitrance from Johnson’s executive branch and white southerners attempting to subvert the law, Congress in July 1867 passed a third Reconstruction Act, declaring the existing state governments in the South illegal and subject to military control and the U. S. Congress. † In an attempt to delay the creation of new state governments, some southern whites turned to a provision of the first Reconstruction Act requiring that a majority of registered voters was necessary to ratify a new constitution and called for a boycott of the ratifying election. On March 11, 1868, Congress passed a fourth and final Reconstruction Act that allowed a majority of those voting to ratify a new constitution, regardless of the size of the attendance. President Johnson, being the leader of this nation at the time, worked to delay and obstruct the army from enforcing these laws. The main job of the fifteenth amendment was to give the right of vote to any male of any race. Section two of this article also said â€Å"The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. † This sounds great at first that the African Americans will not be able to vote with no problems. This, as good as it looked in writing, would ultimately fail in some places due to the terrorist threats that were places upon African Americans who planned on voting. During reconstruction African Americans were brandished political power in the south for the first time. Most of these men were those who either lived in the north or lived abroad, and were educated. Before holding political power most were either lawyers or teachers. Black political power was unfortunately short-lived. Northern politicians grew increasingly conciliatory to the white South, so that by 1872 virtually all leaders of the Confederacy had been pardoned and were again able to vote and hold office. The white men were able to take back the south by putting economic pressure on the blacks and by threatening them. One of the biggest ways in which the blacks were threatened was by the Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. It started out small and was kept secret at first. When the Klan was first formed they had no violent intentions in mind. After they had a large amount of growth however it turned from a group of people into a terrorist organization. The Klan systematically murdered black politicians and political leaders. It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting. The African Americans of course tried to fight back to this injustice at first but because they were outnumbered and had no guns, they didn’t have a chance. â€Å"A 103-year-old woman was whipped, as was a completely paralyzed man. In Georgia, Abraham Colby, an organizer and leader in the black community, was whipped for hours in front of his wife and children. † The KKK’s main objective was white supremacy but President Grant responded to their attacks. In the year 1868 Ulysses S. Grant ran for office and used the slogan â€Å"let us have peace†. After getting the fifteenth amendment passed, the Enforcement Acts were passed, which made it a crime to interfere with registration, voting, office holding, or jury service of blacks. Because of this new law over a 1000 members of the KKK who violated it and interfered were convicted. On top of this act to protect the African Americans there was also the Ku Klux Klan act. These new acts made it so it was okay for the government to interferer and help put a stop against terrorist acts. This act although it did help a little was not greatly enforced. In the year of 1876 was the presidential election of Samuel J. Tilden vs. the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. In this election Hayes ended up winning the popular vote, but as far as electoral votes went it was a tie. This was a big problem and a hard decision to appease until there was the Compromise of 1877. This Compromise would swing the vote away from the Democrats and to the Republicans in return for the removal of all remaining troops from the south. It was on that day that the period of reconstruction would end and the reconstruction for African American would begin to go backwards in the south. Africans Americans were given a sliver of hope and promised to be free equal man just to have the government not follow up on its promise. With all of the troops now removed from the south there was no one there to help protect them or to enforce the laws in which gave them freedoms and rights. They never did go completely back to the way it was before the civil war, but because of how in those net couple of years segregation and discrimination could have been eliminated it is just as tragic. African American Reconstruction helped lay out a great pathway for African Americans to become truly equal and free men in the United Stated. Unfortunately because of their not being enough support from the government they would get to walk down that path to equality for many years later.

Number of McDonalds Restaurants Worldwide

According to the McDonalds Corporation website (as of January 2018), McDonalds has locations in 101 countries. More than 36,000 restaurants around the world serve 69 million people every day. However, some of those locations listed as countries are not independent countries at all, such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, which are United States territories, and Hong Kong, which at the time of establishment was under British control, before its handoff to China. On the flipside, there is a McDonalds on the island of Cuba, though its technically not on Cuban soil — its on the American base at Guantanamo, so it qualifies as an American location. Regardless of country definition, 80 percent of the locations are owned and operated by franchisees, and 1.9 million people work for McDonalds. In 2017, revenue for the fast-food restaurant amounted to $22.8 billion. In 1955 Ray Kroc opened his first location in Illinois (the original restaurant being in California); by 1965 the company had 700 locations. Just two years later the company officially went international, opening in Canada (Richmond, British Columbia)  and Puerto Rico in 1967. Now, Canada has 1,400 McDonalds restaurants, and Puerto Rico boasts 104. Canadas McDonalds locations are the biggest restaurant buyer of Canadian beef in the country. Different McMenus Worldwide Besides buying their ingredients where they operate, around the world the restaurants also adapt the McDonalds menu to local tastes, such as Japan serving a pork patty teriyaki  burger and Seaweed Shaker or chocolate-drizzled fries, Germany serving shrimp cocktail, Italys burger being topped with  Parmigiano-Reggiano  cheese, Australia offering a guac salsa or a bacon cheese sauce as a topping for fries, and French customers being able to order a caramel banana shake. Available only in Switzerland is the McRaclette, a sandwich of beef that includes slices of raclette cheese, gherkin pickles, onions, and a special raclette sauce. But forget the beef in India. There the menu includes vegetarian options, and they specialize the cooks in the kitchen — people cooking meats, such as chicken, dont cook the vegetarian dishes.   Historically Significant Worldwide Locations During the Cold War, some of openings of the countries McDonalds restaurants were seen as historic events, such as the first ones in East Germany shortly after the Berlin Wall fell in late 1989, or in Russia (then the U.S.S.R.) in 1990 (thanks to prerestroika and glastnost) or other Eastern Bloc nations and China during the early 1990s as well.   Is McDonalds the Largest Fast-Food Chain in the World? McDonalds is a huge and mighty fast-food chain but is not the largest. Subway is the largest, with 43,985 stores in 112 countries  as of early 2018. Again, many of these countries are not independent and are merely territories. And Subways restaurant count certainly includes all those that are part of other buildings (as half of a convenience store, for example) rather than counting only standalone restaurant locations. The third runner-up is KFC (formerly Kentucky Fried Chicken), with 20,500 locations in 125 countries, according to its official website. Other widely spread worldwide food brands that the United States has exported include Pizza Hut (14,000 locations, 120 countries), and Starbucks (24,000 locations, 75 markets).

Health for community and people across lifespan Free Essay Example, 3250 words

In order to understand different institutions and their respective roles in the society, it is necessary to situate them historically. This means that just like other things of the society the roles of different institutions and professions also changes with the passage of time and one can only get an insight and understanding of different aspects of that particular institution through understanding the historical generalization factor that have contributed to the changes that are occurred over the time. If we take into account the historical generalization factor of the nursing profession, we will get to know that it has experienced an upward development and progression over time. (Mason-Whitehead, 2008) In the past, most of the nurses were considered to provide only labour work for the help and looking after of a patient in the hospital, but with the passage of time their role has been changed from an individual hospital working nurse to a community nurse, where they are vested wi th certain additional responsibilities along with their existing responsibilities of taking care of the patients. The community nurses are promoting the health care awareness and basic health care knowledge among the people of different communities and especially among the backward and potentially ignored segment of the society, i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on Health for community and people across lifespan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now the women. They act as an educator in the society and teach the basic healthcare issues and incorporate the health promotion and disease prevention. With the help of their efforts and contribution to the healthcare sector every house will get a trained and educated nurse to look after and take care of the elders and children of their family. This has changed the overall culture of the nursing profession and helps the society to improve their living standards by having an educated and well trained nurse in every house for their lifespan. (Lee and Collin, 2005) The paper will further discuss the importance of healthcare knowledge and its implication throughout different stages of a person’s life, i.e. from birth to older adults because the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the health as â€Å"the state of a person’s mental, physical and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or illness from his body†. This means that a person’s health condition can be strongly affected by the socio-economical and political conditions of the society. The paper will help us in understanding these different social factors of the community that can directly influence the healthcare of the people.